GBIF Biodiversity MCP Server

<div align="center"> <h1>@cyanheads/gbif-biodiversity-mcp-server</h1> <p><b>Search GBIF species taxonomy, occurrence records, datasets, and publishers via MCP. STDIO or Streamable HTTP.</b> <div>13 Tools • 2 Resources</div> </p> </div>

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Public Hosted Server: https://gbif-biodiversity.caseyjhand.com/mcp

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Tools

13 tools for working with GBIF species taxonomy, occurrence records, datasets, and publishers:

Tool	Description
gbif_match_species	Match a species name against the GBIF backbone taxonomy — returns taxonKey, confidence score, and full classification
gbif_bulk_match_species	Match up to 50 scientific names to backbone taxon keys in one call — results in input order, per-name NONE/ERROR isolation
gbif_get_species	Fetch a single backbone taxon by key — full classification, authorship, synonymy, vernacular name, descendant count
gbif_search_species	Search or browse the GBIF backbone taxonomy by name fragment, rank, kingdom, family, or genus
gbif_get_species_classification	Return the root-to-parent classification chain for a taxon — root-first ordered array from kingdom to the queried taxon's immediate parent (the taxon itself is not included)
gbif_get_species_children	List direct children of a backbone taxon — genera within a family, species within a genus
gbif_search_occurrences	Search 2.4B+ GBIF occurrence records with Darwin Core filters — country, bounding box, WKT geometry, year, month, basis of record
gbif_count_occurrences	Count occurrences matching a filter without fetching records — fast single-number response
gbif_get_occurrence	Fetch a single occurrence record by key — full Darwin Core record with GADM geography, media, and quality flags
gbif_occurrence_facets	Aggregate occurrence counts by a dimension — country, year, basis of record, dataset, kingdom, and more
gbif_search_datasets	Search GBIF datasets by keyword, type, country, or publishing organization
gbif_get_dataset	Fetch full dataset metadata by UUID — title, description, citation, contacts, license, DOI, coverage
gbif_search_publishers	Search GBIF-registered publishing organizations by name fragment or country

gbif_match_species

Match a scientific or common name against the GBIF backbone taxonomy.

• Fuzzy matching handles minor typos and vernacular names; set strict: true for exact-only matching
• Returns taxonKey — the backbone key required by gbif_search_occurrences, gbif_count_occurrences, and gbif_occurrence_facets
• Confidence score 0–100; below 80 warrants review
• Full classification hierarchy with keys at each rank: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
• matchType NONE indicates no usable match — try removing strict mode or broadening the name
• Resolves synonyms: always returns the accepted backbone key regardless of which name form was queried

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gbif_bulk_match_species

Match up to 50 scientific names against the GBIF backbone taxonomy in a single call.

• The batch counterpart to gbif_match_species — built for checklist, inventory, and species-list workflows that would otherwise need one round trip per name
• Returns one result per input name, in input order; each carries taxonKey, matchType, and confidence
• Per-name isolation: an unmatched name yields matchType NONE and a per-name lookup failure yields matchType ERROR — neither sinks the rest of the batch
• strict: true requires an exact match for every name; common names are not supported (use gbif_search_species)

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gbif_get_species

Fetch a complete taxon record by GBIF backbone key.

• Full classification, authorship string, and vernacular (English) name when available
• taxonomicStatus: ACCEPTED, SYNONYM, DOUBTFUL — when SYNONYM, acceptedKey and accepted identify the current name
• numDescendants and numOccurrences for scope at a glance
• extinct field present only when explicitly flagged — not false on unlabeled taxa
• publishedIn carries the original description citation when available

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gbif_search_species

Search or browse the GBIF backbone taxonomy.

• Accepts name fragments matching scientific and vernacular names
• Filter by rank, kingdom, family, or genus to scope browsing
• isExtinct filter for extinct vs. extant taxa
• Scope to a specific checklist dataset with datasetKey (omit for the GBIF backbone)
• Paginated — limit up to 1000, use offset to walk through large groups

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gbif_get_species_classification

Return the root-to-parent classification chain for a taxon as an ordered array.

• Root-first from kingdom down to the immediate parent of the queried taxon (kingdom → phylum → class → … → parent)
• The queried taxon itself is not included — use gbif_get_species for its own record
• Each entry: rank, canonical name, scientific name, taxon key
• Useful for building taxonomic trees or placing an unfamiliar taxon in context without manual backbone navigation

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gbif_get_species_children

List direct children of a backbone taxon.

• Genera within a family, species within a genus, subspecies within a species
• Each child: key, name, rank, taxonomic status, common name, occurrence count, descendant count
• Paginated — limit up to 1000, iterate with offset for large groups like Coleoptera

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gbif_search_occurrences

Search 2.4B+ GBIF occurrence records with full Darwin Core filtering.

• Use taxonKey from gbif_match_species for reliable results — resolves synonyms automatically; scientificName filter does not
• Geographic filters: country (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2), bounding box (decimalLatitude/decimalLongitude ranges as "min,max"), or WKT polygon (geometry)
• Temporal filters: year as single year or range, month (1–12) for seasonal queries
• basisOfRecord enum: HUMAN_OBSERVATION, PRESERVED_SPECIMEN, MACHINE_OBSERVATION, and more
• hasCoordinate to require or exclude georeferenced records
• Pagination capped at offset+limit ≈ 100,000 — use gbif_occurrence_facets for aggregate analysis beyond this

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gbif_count_occurrences

Count occurrences matching a filter without fetching any records.

• Backed by the lightweight /occurrence/count endpoint — fast single-number response
• Supported filters: taxonKey, country, isGeoreferenced, datasetKey, year
• Use to assess result set size before deciding whether to paginate a full search

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gbif_get_occurrence

Fetch a single occurrence record by GBIF occurrence key.

• Complete Darwin Core record — all coordinate fields, administrative geography (continent, country, state/province, locality), dates
• occurrenceID, full classification (class/classKey), GADM administrative units (levels 0–2, each with a stable GID and name), and source identifiers
• Collections metadata: institution code, collection code, catalog number
• Collector and identifier names, individual count, sex, life stage
• Associated media (images, audio, video) with URLs and license
• GBIF data quality issue flags for provenance assessment

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gbif_occurrence_facets

Aggregate occurrence counts across a dimension.

• Facets: COUNTRY, YEAR, BASIS_OF_RECORD, DATASET_KEY, KINGDOM_KEY, PHYLUM_KEY, CLASS_KEY, ORDER_KEY, FAMILY_KEY, GENUS_KEY, SPECIES_KEY, PUBLISHING_COUNTRY, MONTH
• Scope with taxonKey, country, year, geometry, or basisOfRecord filters
• Returns top-N values ranked by count (up to facetLimit, max 100) — no record payloads
• Page past the first facetLimit with facetOffset (advance by facetLimit per page) to walk high-cardinality facets like DATASET_KEY; enrichment echoes the applied facetOffset and sets moreValuesLikely when a full page suggests more values remain
• Core tool for distribution analysis ("which countries have the most records?") and trend queries ("how has observation volume changed since 2010?")

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gbif_search_datasets

Search GBIF datasets by keyword, type, country, or publishing organization.

• Filters: free-text query, dataset type (OCCURRENCE, CHECKLIST, METADATA, SAMPLING_EVENT), publishing country, hosting organization UUID
• Returns title, type, description, license, DOI, and record count. The description is a 300-character preview — descriptionTruncated flags when it was shortened, and gbif_get_dataset returns the full text
• Use hostingOrg from gbif_search_publishers to scope to datasets from one organization
• Paginated — limit up to 1000

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gbif_get_dataset

Fetch full dataset metadata by UUID.

• Full description, citation text (for academic reference), license, DOI
• Contacts with role, name, organization, and email
• Temporal and geographic coverage ranges when the publisher declares them
• numConstituents for aggregate datasets (e.g. iNaturalist, eBird)
• Use after gbif_search_datasets or when an occurrence record's datasetKey needs provenance detail

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gbif_search_publishers

Search organizations registered with GBIF.

• Filter by name fragment or country
• Returns organization key, title, and country — sufficient to chain into gbif_search_datasets with hostingOrg
• Paginated — limit up to 1000

Resources

Type	Name	Description
Resource	gbif://species/{taxonKey}	Taxon record from the GBIF backbone — classification, authorship, synonymy status, vernacular name
Resource	gbif://dataset/{datasetKey}	Dataset metadata — title, description, citation, license, contacts, coverage

Features

Built on @cyanheads/mcp-ts-core:

• Declarative tool definitions — single file per tool, framework handles registration and validation
• Unified error handling across all tools
• Pluggable auth (none, jwt, oauth)
• Swappable storage backends: in-memory, filesystem, Supabase, Cloudflare KV/R2/D1
• Structured logging with optional OpenTelemetry tracing
• Runs locally (stdio/HTTP) or on Cloudflare Workers from the same codebase

GBIF-specific:

• Full GBIF REST API v1 coverage: species taxonomy, occurrences, datasets, and publishers
• gbif_match_species as the entry point — resolves synonyms to backbone taxon keys used throughout
• Occurrence pagination cap detection with paginationNote — redirects to facet aggregation before hitting the ~100,000 row limit
• WKT polygon geometry support for geographic occurrence queries
• Darwin Core field mapping with explicit provenance on sparse upstream fields

Agent-friendly output:

• gbif_match_species is the mandatory first step — all downstream tools document which key they expect
• Graceful sparse-field handling — optional fields absent from the API response are omitted rather than null-filled
• Discriminated error contracts with typed reasons, structured recovery hints, and when documentation per tool

Getting started

Self-Hosted / Local

Add the following to your MCP client configuration file.

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "gbif-biodiversity-mcp-server": {
      "type": "stdio",
      "command": "bunx",
      "args": ["@cyanheads/gbif-biodiversity-mcp-server@latest"],
      "env": {
        "MCP_TRANSPORT_TYPE": "stdio",
        "MCP_LOG_LEVEL": "info"
      }
    }
  }
}

Or with npx (no Bun required):

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "gbif-biodiversity-mcp-server": {
      "type": "stdio",
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@cyanheads/gbif-biodiversity-mcp-server@latest"],
      "env": {
        "MCP_TRANSPORT_TYPE": "stdio",
        "MCP_LOG_LEVEL": "info"
      }
    }
  }
}

Or with Docker:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "gbif-biodiversity-mcp-server": {
      "type": "stdio",
      "command": "docker",
      "args": ["run", "-i", "--rm", "-e", "MCP_TRANSPORT_TYPE=stdio", "ghcr.io/cyanheads/gbif-biodiversity-mcp-server:latest"]
    }
  }
}

For Streamable HTTP, set the transport and start the server:

MCP_TRANSPORT_TYPE=http MCP_HTTP_PORT=3010 bun run start:http
# Server listens at http://localhost:3010/mcp

Prerequisites

• Bun v1.3.2 or higher.
• Optional: GBIF API key for higher rate limits.

Installation

1. Clone the repository:

git clone https://github.com/cyanheads/gbif-biodiversity-mcp-server.git

2. Navigate into the directory:

cd gbif-biodiversity-mcp-server

3. Install dependencies:

bun install

Configuration

All configuration is validated at startup via Zod schemas in src/config/server-config.ts. Key environment variables:

Variable	Description	Default
MCP_TRANSPORT_TYPE	Transport: stdio or http	stdio
MCP_HTTP_PORT	HTTP server port	3010
MCP_HTTP_ENDPOINT_PATH	HTTP endpoint path where the MCP server is mounted	/mcp
MCP_PUBLIC_URL	Public origin override for TLS-terminating reverse-proxy deployments	none
MCP_AUTH_MODE	Authentication: none, jwt, or oauth	none
MCP_LOG_LEVEL	Log level (debug, info, warning, error, etc.)	info
MCP_GC_PRESSURE_INTERVAL_MS	Opt-in Bun-only forced-GC pressure loop (ms). Try 60000 if RSS grows under sustained HTTP load.	0 (disabled)
LOGS_DIR	Directory for log files (Node.js only)	<project-root>/logs
STORAGE_PROVIDER_TYPE	Storage backend: in-memory, filesystem, supabase, cloudflare-kv/r2/d1	in-memory
GBIF_BASE_URL	GBIF API base URL override	https://api.gbif.org/v1
GBIF_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS	HTTP request timeout in milliseconds	10000
OTEL_ENABLED	Enable OpenTelemetry	false

Running the server

Local development

• Build and run the production version:

  # One-time build
  bun run rebuild
  
  # Run the built server
  bun run start:http
  # or
  bun run start:stdio
  

• Run checks and tests:

  bun run devcheck  # Lints, formats, type-checks, and more
  bun run test      # Runs the test suite
  

Project structure

Directory	Purpose
src/mcp-server/tools	Tool definitions (*.tool.ts). Thirteen tools across species taxonomy, occurrences, datasets, and publishers.
src/mcp-server/resources	Resource definitions. Species and dataset stable-URI resources.
src/services/gbif	GBIF REST API service layer — client, request handling, type definitions.
src/config	Server-specific environment variable parsing and validation with Zod.
tests/	Unit and integration tests, mirroring the src/ structure.

Development guide

See CLAUDE.md for development guidelines and architectural rules. The short version:

• Handlers throw, framework catches — no try/catch in tool logic
• Use ctx.log for logging, ctx.state for storage
• Register new tools and resources in the createApp() arrays

Contributing

Issues and pull requests are welcome. Run checks and tests before submitting:

bun run devcheck
bun run test

License

This project is licensed under the Apache 2.0 License. See the LICENSE file for details.